This volume brings into Arabic one of Antonio Gramsci’s key texts on Italian national unity, the national question, and the uneven relation between north and south. Rather than celebrating the Risorgimento in the abstract, Gramsci shows how the Italian nation was shaped through class compromise, elite domination, and the limits of popular politics. The translation matters because it gives Arabic readers access to one of Gramsci’s sharpest reflections on nation, state, and history from within a critical Marxist tradition.