١٥٠ عامًا على «عامّية باريس»

150 Years Since the Paris Commune

Bidayat

From the shock of defeat and refusal to surrender, the Paris Commune declared the first experiment in direct democracy, secularism, and social justice, affirming that democracy is a product of popular imagination and struggles.

مقدّمة لـ«أسس نقد الاقتصاد السياسي» (١٨٥٧) جزء ٢/١

Introduction to the "Grundrisse" (1857) Part 1/2

Bidayat

In "Grundrisse," Marx challenges the classical economic view that separates and eternalizes production and distribution, revealing their organic unity and historical determination within specific social relations.

ماركس في «ربيع الشعوب» ١٨٤٨ بناء الحقل السياسي والتعلّم من الممارسة

Marx in the "Spring of Nations" 1848: Building the Political Field and Learning from Practice

Bidayat

Marx's engagement with the 1848 revolutions refined his understanding of class representation and the state, leading him to view socialism as the necessary completion of political democracy to resolve the contradiction between political and social inequality.

جورج البطل، آخر البلاشفة مذكرات قائد شيوعي من لبنان

George al-Batal, the Last of the Bolsheviks: Memoirs of a Communist Leader from Lebanon

Bidayat

At age five he insisted on what he knew despite his father's slap, and solved a murder — the tannery taught him that a generous employer curses communists when a worker carries a clock.

Social Classes and Political Power in Lebanon

Heinrich Boll Stiftung

In Lebanon, where classes are denied, economic and political power intertwine in a rentier and sectarian system that deepens exploitation and leads to a "mafiocracy" increasing social polarization.