Lebanese Wars: Memory and Forgetfulness

Forgetting is "the life force of memory"—and what Lebanon practiced is programmed amnesia. What is needed is remembering causes—and we need daydreams (hope) as much as memory.

Trauma and Memory

Three processes: amnesia, memory, forgetting. Lebanon practiced programmed amnesia—what is needed is remembering causes, not violence. "We can only forget what we remember."

How to prevent civil war: Remember the last one

The Daily Star

An interview: the simple reason to remember the war is to avoid another—and "constructed amnesia" protects warlords-turned-rulers. The young generation carries a "big black hole."

Stereotyping the ‘Syrian’ in Lebanon, Arab Stereotyping

Bashir Gemayel reduced eighteen million Syrians to the singular "the Syrian"—and the entire political class adopted this stereotyping that redirects class resentment toward a neighboring people.