Papers AR Political Economy History 2020 Bidayat

أوّل العلاقات مع النفط: حسين العُوَيني والشبكة السعوديّة

The First Oil Connections: Hussein al-Oweini and the Saudi Network

Bidayat

Before the discovery of oil, Hussein Aoueini, a naturalized Saudi and later a Lebanese Prime Minister, was the first agent of Saudi interests in Lebanon, accumulating wealth and influence and paving the way for the Kingdom's penetration into its economy and politics.

Papers AR Political Economy Sociology 2014 Bidayat

الطبقات الاجتماعية في لبنان ٢/٢ الطبقات والطوائف: تقاطع وفعل متبادل

Social Classes in Lebanon 2/2: Classes and Sects - Intersection and Mutual Action

Bidayat

Sectarianism in Lebanon is not merely a superstructure or a relic of backwardness; it is an intrinsic part of the capitalist system of control, intersecting with classes to modify them and distribute privileges and deprivations.