أوّل العلاقات مع النفط: حسين العُوَيني والشبكة السعوديّة

The First Oil Connections: Hussein al-Oweini and the Saudi Network

Bidayat

Before the discovery of oil, Hussein Aoueini, a naturalized Saudi and later a Lebanese Prime Minister, was the first agent of Saudi interests in Lebanon, accumulating wealth and influence and paving the way for the Kingdom's penetration into its economy and politics.

الطبقات الاجتماعية في لبنان ٢/٢ الطبقات والطوائف: تقاطع وفعل متبادل

Social Classes in Lebanon 2/2: Classes and Sects - Intersection and Mutual Action

Bidayat

Sectarianism in Lebanon is not merely a superstructure or a relic of backwardness; it is an intrinsic part of the capitalist system of control, intersecting with classes to modify them and distribute privileges and deprivations.

الطبقات الاجتماعية في لبنان نقاط استدلال منهجية

Social Classes in Lebanon: Methodological Reference Points

Bidayat

In Lebanon, the existence of social classes is denied by externalizing poverty and wealth or by concealing exploitation behind sectarianism, while neoliberalism redefines justice and poverty to obscure class distinctions.

Social Classes and Political Power in Lebanon

Heinrich Boll Stiftung

In Lebanon, where classes are denied, economic and political power intertwine in a rentier and sectarian system that deepens exploitation and leads to a "mafiocracy" increasing social polarization.

Palestine In The “Fatal Triangle”

Chiha reduced Palestine from a "project of planetary domination" to "difficulties"—and for the first and last time, he defended industry.