هل كانت الحرب حتمية؟

Was the War Inevitable?

The war was not inevitable: the Lebanese Front militarized the conflict, the bourgeoisie blocked reform, and social pressure burst through the sectarian fault.

عن الماركسية والتاريخ والثورات والدولة الوطنية والمجتمع المدني والطائفية وأشياء أخرى

On Marxism, History, Revolutions, the Nation-State, Civil Society, Sectarianism, and Other Things

الترا صوت

In a comprehensive intellectual review, the author re-examines fundamental concepts and experiences in the Arab world, calling for a critical, self-reliant approach that transcends imported ideas and simplistic dichotomies.

عن الماركسية والثورات والمجتمع المدني والطائفية

On Marxism, Revolutions, Civil Society, and Sectarianism

Bidayat

This article interrogates post-Cold War concepts adopted uncritically by the Arab world—from Marxism to the national state, civil society, and sectarianism—calling for a critical vision rooted in Arab reality.

كيف وصلنا لهون؟ || عن الطائفية مع فواز طرابلسي

How Did We Get Here? On Sectarianism with Fawwaz Traboulsi

Sectarianism in Lebanon is not an inevitable fate, but a complex historical structure shaped by colonial interventions and mandate policies, leading the country to its current political impasse.

كيف وصلنا لهون؟|| عن الطائفية مع فواز طرابلسي, الجزء الثاني

How Did We Get Here? On Sectarianism with Fawwaz Traboulsi, Part Two

Sectarianism in Lebanon is not a matter of fate, but a political system instrumentalized by colonial powers and local elites to consolidate their rule and fragment society.

الاقتصاد والطوائف في نشوء «لبنان الكبير»

Economy and Sects in the Genesis of "Greater Lebanon"

Bidayat

The emergence of 'Greater Lebanon' was not merely a response to sectarian desires but a comprehensive French colonial operation that instrumentalized economics and sects to define an entity serving its interests in controlling Syria.

ملاحظات على خطاب الجنرال غورو

Notes on General Gouraud's Speech

Bidayat

Gouraud laments the absence of Lebanon's delegates — one is absent because he himself ordered his arrest, while his brother the Patriarch sits at his right.

مئوية لبنان: البدايات، المحطات، العلاقات

Lebanon's Centenary: Beginnings, Milestones, Relations

Bidayat

This special issue investigates Lebanon's centenary by examining its colonial beginnings and revealing how "Greater Lebanon" was founded on French economic interests and the instrumentalization of politicized religious minorities.

أزمة الانفجار وانفجار الازمات اللبنانية

The Explosion Crisis and the Explosion of Lebanese Crises

Bidayat

The Beirut explosion, a "crime of negligence," laid bare a system of corruption and unaccountability, whose repercussions are now escalating into political, economic, and sovereign crises.

ماذا يستطيع الحراك؟ جدل المتخيّل والضروري

What Can the Movement Do? The Dialectic of the Imagined and the Necessary

Bidayat

The Hirak faces a paradox between the dream of radical change and the necessity of resisting the crisis; if it keeps demanding the impossible without achieving the necessary, it will fail to secure the rights of the popular majority.

من يوميّات الحراك الشعبي

From the Diaries of the Popular Movement

Bidayat

The October 17 uprising erupted as popular anger against a corrupt ruling class, but it is threatened with co-optation or suppression unless it organizes itself and adopts clear demands to confront austerity plans and overcome sectarianism.

مقالات عن سورية ولبنان، ١٨٦٠

Articles on Syria and Lebanon, 1860

Bidayat

Translation: Marx in 1860 reveals great-power horse-trading over Syria's corpse — but neglects the internal causes: the collapse of the muqata'ji system and peasant uprisings.

في خصخصة الجيوش الوطنية

On the Privatization of National Armies

Al-Quds Al-Arabi

The privatization of national armies in the confrontation states is the price for suppressing peoples and militarizing their issues, leading to the systematic dismantlement of their role in national defense.

Interview L’Orient Le Jour – “Fratricide et guerre civile”

L'Orient Le Jour Interview - "Fratricide and Civil War"

L'Orient Le Jour

An interview about The Blood of the Two Brothers: in civil war, the executioner hides in the victim's body—what is needed is not remembering the horrors but remembering the causes.

Ce n’est pas le multiconfessionnalisme, mais un système oligarchique qui gouverne le Liban – Interview Mediapart

It Is Not Multi-Confessionalism, but an Oligarchic System That Governs Lebanon - Mediapart Interview

Mediapart

An interview with Mediapart: it is not the confessional system that governs Lebanon but an oligarchy in which the political and capitalist classes have fused—and sectarianism is the ideal system for whitewashing everything.

Ahmad Faris Al-Shidyaq: In quest of another modernity

Cambridge University Press

Al-Shidyaq, bearer of "the possible modernity": Work, not Education, as the motor of renaissance; the repression of female instinct as the basis of male domination—and peasant revolts, not the European "spark," as his context.

انقلابات الجنرال ميشال عون

The Coups of General Michel Aoun

The longest coup: a quarter-century from Baabda to Baabda — the "sovereignty" champion allied with those he accused and broke every promise.

الحراك الشعبي في العراق ولبنان ملفات الفساد بيد الناس

The Popular Movement in Iraq and Lebanon: Corruption Files in the People's Hands

Bidayat

In the name of religion, the thieves robbed us — sectarianism isn't the cause of corruption but its cover, and the World Bank fights "corruption" with the privatization that produces it.

سليمان تقي الدين، وداعاً

Suleiman Taqi al-Din, Farewell

Bidayat

He never stopped fighting in life, and never stopped fighting in death — and the red star remained his compass after the comrades dispersed.

اليمن في عين العاصفة

Yemen in the Eye of the Storm

Bidayat

The richest Arab states bomb the poorest — the Gulf Initiative destroyed Yemen by pardoning the dictator. Camp David summit: an arms fair, not a diplomatic forum.

الطبقات الاجتماعية في لبنان ٢/٢ الطبقات والطوائف: تقاطع وفعل متبادل

Social Classes in Lebanon 2/2: Classes and Sects - Intersection and Mutual Action

Bidayat

Sectarianism in Lebanon is not merely a superstructure or a relic of backwardness; it is an intrinsic part of the capitalist system of control, intersecting with classes to modify them and distribute privileges and deprivations.

حروب الردّة

Wars of Counter-Revolution

Bidayat

Jihadi-Takfirism isn't born of "revolutionary chaos" but of regime repression — it builds nothing, carries no cause, and punishes society for its otherness.

Social Classes and Political Power in Lebanon

Heinrich Boll Stiftung

In Lebanon, where classes are denied, economic and political power intertwine in a rentier and sectarian system that deepens exploitation and leads to a "mafiocracy" increasing social polarization.

١٣ نيسان: تأملات لبنانية-سورية

April 13: Lebanese-Syrian Reflections

As-Safir

From the anniversary of April 13, Lebanon and Syria parallel each other in the transformation of popular movements into civil wars, with the Syrian regime bearing primary responsibility for declaring war on its people.