هذا العدد

This Issue

Bidayat

200 individuals control Lebanon's economy and the "consortium" connects to the president's family — corruption is a capital-power partnership.

أوّل العلاقات مع النفط: حسين العُوَيني والشبكة السعوديّة

The First Oil Connections: Hussein al-Oweini and the Saudi Network

Bidayat

Before the discovery of oil, Hussein Aoueini, a naturalized Saudi and later a Lebanese Prime Minister, was the first agent of Saudi interests in Lebanon, accumulating wealth and influence and paving the way for the Kingdom's penetration into its economy and politics.

الاقتصاد والطوائف في نشوء «لبنان الكبير»

Economy and Sects in the Genesis of "Greater Lebanon"

Bidayat

The emergence of 'Greater Lebanon' was not merely a response to sectarian desires but a comprehensive French colonial operation that instrumentalized economics and sects to define an entity serving its interests in controlling Syria.

مئوية لبنان: البدايات، المحطات، العلاقات

Lebanon's Centenary: Beginnings, Milestones, Relations

Bidayat

This special issue investigates Lebanon's centenary by examining its colonial beginnings and revealing how "Greater Lebanon" was founded on French economic interests and the instrumentalization of politicized religious minorities.

الطبقات الاجتماعية في لبنان ٢/٢ الطبقات والطوائف: تقاطع وفعل متبادل

Social Classes in Lebanon 2/2: Classes and Sects - Intersection and Mutual Action

Bidayat

Sectarianism in Lebanon is not merely a superstructure or a relic of backwardness; it is an intrinsic part of the capitalist system of control, intersecting with classes to modify them and distribute privileges and deprivations.

الطبقات الاجتماعية في لبنان نقاط استدلال منهجية

Social Classes in Lebanon: Methodological Reference Points

Bidayat

In Lebanon, the existence of social classes is denied by externalizing poverty and wealth or by concealing exploitation behind sectarianism, while neoliberalism redefines justice and poverty to obscure class distinctions.

Social Classes and Political Power in Lebanon

Heinrich Boll Stiftung

In Lebanon, where classes are denied, economic and political power intertwine in a rentier and sectarian system that deepens exploitation and leads to a "mafiocracy" increasing social polarization.

Saudi expansion: The Lebanese Connection (1924-1952)

Hussein 'Uwayni—the first "Saudi national" to govern Lebanon, four decades before Hariri—and through him the Kingdom penetrated Lebanese politics: wealth buys honor, and the regional broker makes prime ministers.

The financial-merchant oligarchy in Lebanon

The Consortium: thirty families ruled independent Lebanon — the Pharaon-Chiha Bank made the president, and Chiha's five sisters married into the oligarchy to protect wealth.

The Political Economy of Militia Control – Brown University

Wars have no sense but functions—Lebanese militias achieved the "supreme capitalist phantasm": profit without capital investment, through ten illegal ports and a mafia predation economy.