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\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>-Ali, Tariq, <i>Bush in Babylon<\/i>, London, 2003.<\/p>\n<p>-Barr, James, <i>Setting the Desert on Fire: T.E. Lawrence and Britain\u2019s Secret War in Arabia, 1916-1918<\/i>, New York, 2006.<\/p>\n<p>-Barr, James, <i>A Line in the Sand. Britain<\/i>, <i>France and the Struggle that Shaped the Middle East<\/i>, London and New York, 2011.<\/p>\n<p>Bayat, Asef. &#8220;Activism and Social Development.&#8221; <i>International Journal of Middle East Studies <\/i>34 (2002). Print.<\/p>\n<p>Bayet, Asaf, \u201cArab Revolutions and the Study of Middle East Societies,\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/journals.cambridge.org\/action\/displayJournal?jid=MES\">International Journal of Middle East Studies<\/a> \/ <a href=\"http:\/\/journals.cambridge.org\/action\/displayBackIssues?jid=MES&amp;volumeId=43\">Volume 43<\/a> \/ <a href=\"http:\/\/journals.cambridge.org\/action\/displayIssue?jid=MES&amp;volumeId=43&amp;seriesId=0&amp;issueId=03\">Issue 03<\/a>, pp 386 &#8211; 386<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/journals.cambridge.org\/action\/search?searchType=CITEADVANCE&#038;journals=MES&#038;volume=43&#038;issue=03&#038;page=386&#038;author=Bayat&#038;year=2011<\/p>\n<p>-Chomsky, Noam, \u201cThe Resort to Force\u201d, <i>Tom Dispatch<\/i>, September 17, 2004.<\/p>\n<p>-Chomsky, Noam, \u201cResponsibility to Protect\u201d, UN General Assembly panel on R2P, July 2009.<\/p>\n<p>-Cordesman, Anthony. Rethinking the Arab \u201cSpring\u201d: Stability and Security in Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, and the rest of the MENA Region. Center for Strategic and International Studies. November 2011.<\/p>\n<p>Cordesman, A. H., B. Barfi, B. Haddad, K. Mezran. (2011) Symposium: The Arab Uprisings and U.S. Policy: What is the American National Interest? Middle East Policy, 18.2, 1-28.<\/p>\n<p>Dabashi, Hamid. <i>The Arab Spring Delayed Defiance and the End of Postcolonialism<\/i>. Zed, 2012. Print<\/p>\n<p>-Greenfield, Danya anf Husheer, Stefanie, \u201cDo Drone Strikes in Yemen Undermine US Security Objectives\u201d, <i>Atlantic Council<\/i>, October 2014.<\/p>\n<p>-Hoge, J.H. and Rose, G., (Eds.) <i>Understanding the War on Terror, 2005<\/i><\/p>\n<p>-Laurens, Henri, Francais et Arabes depuis deux siecles. (La \u2018chose franco-arabe\u2019), 2012.<\/p>\n<p>-Leonhard, Robert R., \u201cThe Evolution of Strategy in the Global War on Terror\u201d, <i>Johns Hopkins University<\/i>, n.d.<\/p>\n<p>-Maggie, Michael and al-Zikry, Maad, \u201cHidden toll of US drone strikes in Yemen: Nearly a third of deaths are civilians, not al-Qaida\u201d <i>The Associated Press<\/i>, November 14, 2018.<\/p>\n<p>-Milne, Seumas, <i>The Revenge of History: The Battle for the Twenty-First Century<\/i>, 2013.<\/p>\n<p>-Rogan, Eugene, <i>The Fall of the Ottomans, The Great War in the Middle East<\/i>, London, 2015.<\/p>\n<p><b>&#8211;<\/b>The Sykes-Picot Agreement : 1916<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/20th_century\/sykes.asp\">http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/20th_century\/sykes.asp<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: left;\">-The Balfour Declaration<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balfour_Declaration\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balfour_Declaration#\/media\/File:Balfour_declaration_unmarked.jpg<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">-Slonim, Shlomo, \u201cOrigins of the 1950 Tripartite Declaration on the Middle East\u201d, <i>Middle East Studies<\/i>, Vo. 23, No.2 (Apr., 1987), pp. 135-149<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4283168?seq=1\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4283168?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><i>&#8211;<\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Tal_(historian)\">Tal, David<\/a><i> (2009<\/i><i>). &#8220;The Making, Operation and Failure of the May 1950 Tripartite Declaration on Middle East Security&#8221;. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. <\/i><b>36 <\/b><i>(2): 177\u2013193. <\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\"><i>doi<\/i><\/a><i>:<\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F13530190903007244\"><i>10.1080\/13530190903007244<\/i><\/a><i>.<\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">-Traboulsi, Fawwaz; Mitri, Tarek; Al-Mahdi, Rabab: \u201cUnderstanding The Arab Spring? Uprising? Revolution? Awakening? Citizen Revolt?\u201d. In: <a href=\"http:\/\/dr.aub.edu.lb\/Mod\/Data\/View.Php?D=3&amp;Rid=1668\">http:\/\/Dr.Aub.Edu.Lb\/Mod\/Data\/View.Php?D=3&amp;Rid=1668<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">-Woodward, Bob, <i>Obama&#8217;s Wars<\/i>, 2010<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">-\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632\u060c <b>\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633-\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648-\u0628\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631: \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u060c <\/b>\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0669<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">-\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632\u060c <b>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/b>\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0665<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">-&#8220;\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0661\u0664- \u0661\u0667 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0661\u0669\u0666\u0663<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ahram.org.eg\/media\/malafat\/besaraha\/besraha\/ahram\/63\/19630621\/10000.HTM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/ahram.org.eg\/media\/malafat\/besaraha\/besraha\/ahram\/63\/19630621\/10000.HTM<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633-\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064a (\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0669) \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 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