{"id":698,"date":"2021-10-18T18:19:36","date_gmt":"2021-10-18T15:19:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fawwaztraboulsi.com\/?p=698"},"modified":"2025-03-03T10:11:37","modified_gmt":"2025-03-03T08:11:37","slug":"our-lady-of-the-rocks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/our-lady-of-the-rocks\/","title":{"rendered":"Our Lady of the Rocks"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Our Lady of the Rocks<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(Dhofar revisited)<\/p>\n<p>for &#8216;Abdallah al-Ashtal<\/p>\n<p>We had to descend a rocky cliff overlooking the Arabian Sea where semi-naked children were playing outside a cave. Greeted the two women inside the cave as our guide engaged them in a conversation. The elder, who was wearing a black robe, began explaining a matter to him in the hope that he translates to the foreign visitors. She was gesticulating and frequently putting her hand on her chest. We will soon be told that she had TB and was asking for medicine.<\/p>\n<p>It was the same old story: the stranger, believed to be carrying diseases, not to say epidemies, becomes the healer in a mythical reversal. We were not a medical team but a delegation of Arab and foreign militants and journalists on visit to the liberated zone of Dhofar.<\/p>\n<p>They were carrying drugs that would normally be carried by tourists on safaris: insects\u2019 repellants; vitamin pills to pally for food shortages- they were treated to canned vegetables and fruits, not to speak of <em>han\u00eedh <\/em>(lamb chops roasted on hot pebbles) at the outset of their journey, but had to be content for the rest of it with <em>qad\u00eed<\/em>, strips of beef dried in the sun, cooked and served over a heap of boiled rice, so hot that the visitors barely managed to have the first gobble in their mouths that the rest of the party would have practically finished eating. They also carried pills to purify water- which did not serve them much for they had to compete with cattle over the scant water in the scattered wells. Typical in the baggage of those who ventured into tropical lands, were, of course, quinine tablets and, last but not least, antidotes for snake and scorpion bites.<\/p>\n<p>A friend who had preceded them on that venture, had warned them: \u201cThe snakes\u201d, he said, still feeling uneasy about them in a Parisian caf\u00e9, \u201cbeware the snakes. The enemy in Dhofar are not the British troops but the snakes.\u201d Indeed, that \u2018enemy\u2019 preoccupied their British colleague as they began escalating the mountains of western Dhofar at Ras Darbat `Ali and he kept his eyes fixed to the ground, wandering where and when they would fall into their first ambush. \u201cFear not, comrade\u201d, assured their guide, \u201csnakes are but paper tigers!\u201d That became the motto for their trip. But paraphrasing Mao&#8217;s sayings, effective as they were then in boosting revolutionnary morale in the face of \u2018imperialist and class enemies\u2019, did not dispell their fears of \u2018natural\u2019 enemies.<\/p>\n<p>The \u2018imperialist and class ennemies\u2019 they did not encounter. But they will discover that the Dhofari \u2018paper tigers\u2019 do bite and kill. In their first encampment, the only youth they met (the others, were on the front fighting) was recovering from a snake-bite which he had treated the traditional way: cut his bitten ankle with a knife, had the poisoned blood sucked and spat out. They cleaned his gaping wound, gave him an antidote and spent the night around a big fire exchanging unending stories about snakes. In his country, the saying goes: \u201cas long as snakes\u2019 tales\u201d (and that is no misprint). Afterwards, they kept enquiring about that youth who remained stranded between life and death until the end of their journey. Thus ended their first and only medical mission in these lands.<\/p>\n<p>Indeed we carried all that medicine but nothing that could help the tubercolic woman. By that time, the guide had rescued us from our embarassed meditations, as he uttered the magical word <em>rif\u00e2q <\/em>(comrades) in his musical amharic accent. The women had by then realised that no good &#8211; health-wise, at least- could be expected from us. Strangely enough, communication became easier.<\/p>\n<p>Now outside the cave, we learnt that people here resorted to cauterisation to treat widespread chest illnesses. The tubercolic has his\/her chest cauterized by a red-hot iron rod once, twice, thrice even four times usually to no avail. \u201cCauterisation is the ultimate treatement\u201d says the Arabic proverb. An ultimate treatment indeed but one which rarely cures.<\/p>\n<p>Asked the women about the children:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>for both of us, replied the elder<\/li>\n<li>and the husbands?<\/li>\n<li>mine is working in the Gulf, she replied.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Realising that the question was also adressed to her, the younger laughed and lowered the veil on her face. Why did she not answer our question? is she divorced and ashamed of it? living in concubinage? her children, natural children? or is she merely pulling our leg? making fun of our ignorance of local customs and traditions? And so, she just jiggles and sheds her veil on our journalists\u2019 curiosity! What puzzled us more was that she had shaven the hair of her fringe, a sure sign that she was no maiden, yet did not wear the golden ring in her nose to prove that she had a husband.<\/p>\n<p>Sitting in a circle- as if to emphasize that our investigation into the lady&#8217;s marital status has led us into a vicious circle- the elder served a refreshing sherbet of tamarind cones we had collected on the way- our first drink for the day. The conversation soon moved from TB to obstetrics. We had wandered: how do women deliver in the absence of doctors? are there midwives around? The elder\u2019s broad smile was full of pride as she related how the \u2018womanhood\u2019 of a woman was put to the ultimate test by the way in which she behaves at childbirth. When the time comes, the pregnant woman should retreat to a secluded spot, away from the encampment, gather a pile of straw on which she would deliver her child crouching. (Crouching, like in the famous painting by <em>al-Wassity<\/em>, but unlike the Abbasid painter\u2019s woman, the contemporary Dhofari woman delivers unassisted). She would then cut the umbilical cord between two stones or with a knife and return to the encampment on foot. A woman who seeks assistance on delivery is looked down upon as lacking in her \u2018womanhood\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBut\u201d, we indignantly enquired, \u201cwhat happens if complications arise? isn&#8217;t there anybody to help? what about the risk that the mother or the child die during childbirth!?\u201d For an answer, she raised her eyes and looked far into the sky overlooking the Arabian Sea&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p>The camera that took this picture was held by someone who was taking photographs for the first time in his life. Using a small japanese camera borrowed from a friend in Beirut, his intention was to take back visual proofs about a forgotten revolution in the southern peripheries of the Arab Penninsula: \u201clook, you unbelieving cruel world\u201d- he had wanted to shout- \u201cthey exist, they have mass following and they are fighting a despotic sultan and the British troops defending him\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Theirs was a sultan the kind of which you\u2019ll only find in folk tales. The fact that he lived in the twentieth century transformed these tales into nightmares. He had forbidden his subjects practically everything: to wear European clothes, ride bicycles, listen to the radio, travel&#8230; He banned electricity, and had the nasty habit of personnaly locking the gates of Salala, \u2018his\u2019 capital, at sunset and imposing a curfew on its inhabitants till the next day.<\/p>\n<p>One would suppose that the picture reveals the photographer as a beginner. But it is particularly telling about those he photographed. Only the elder woman\u2019s arms appear inside the frame. The fact that the remaining parts of her anatomy were excluded is due to bad framing (or is it that the photographer instinctively picked up the younger-and much prettier- of the two?). Whatever the case, the woman\u2019s photographic amputation is her own fault, as it were. Putting one arm around the child with the bumps on his head, her other arm moved, the instant the photo was to be snapped, to tuck in his shirt and cover his little penis. That intrusion articulates the whole scene; and despite the bad framing, or perhaps because of it, that instant is further intensified. Simultaneously, the child approvingly accompanies and repeats the woman\u2019s movement while the other child gazes in the distance, as the younger woman looks on the scene, serenely and playfully and she smiles. She smiles as she has done throughout the visit, never uttering a word.<\/p>\n<p>It was but one moment during a visit of no more than an hour within a trip that lasted a whole month in the year 1970. Behind the camera, a journalist hesitates because of the intervention between him and his fellow countrymen of that magic box which was transforming their encounter into one of an alienated couple: a neutral observer, on one side, a scene, on the other. In front of the camera, two women and two children, in a forgotten region of this vast world, were experiencing for the first time what it means to pose for a camera; the elder woman surprised to discover that poverty and nakedness are shameful, be it the nakedness of a child.<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p>During the trip and for a long time later, we were under the impression that the seemingly unwed mother was a striking example of the liberation of women under the revolution. We were definetly confusing the relative freedom that women possess under a primitive pastoral society with the liberation of women in an advanced modern one. The PFLOAG (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arab Gulf) had achieved other interesting reforms concerning women; but not this one. As frequently happens, leftists are victims of that characteristic incurable malady of theirs: they prefer to theorise when all is needed is to just look.<\/p>\n<p>Yet when our photographer tried to \u2018look\u2019 further into the matter, the young mother\u2019s mystery became even more puzzling. He found no answer to her marital status other than that which religious imagination readily atributes to the Immaculate Conception. Surprisingly, <em>al-khatalah<\/em> is not that far removed from the secret of secrets of the Christian religion. Yet the ingenious ways people make do with life are even more startling than religious fantasy. In fact, whereas the immaculate conception is designed to deepen the mystery, the <em>khatalah<\/em> is designed to \u2018explain\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>He heard about that popular belief in Dhofar years later. When a child is born to a woman in the absence of her husband, they say that she has the <em>khatalah <\/em>(in arabic, \u2018to deceive\u2019 and \u2018deception\u2019) &#8211; the little devil is said to be deceiving, i.e. refusing to come out of his mum\u2019s womb within the \u2018normal\u2019 limit of nine months. He might keep on with his deceit for as long as two years after the father\u2019s departure.<\/p>\n<p>Young husbands emigrate in numbers to the Gulf in search for livelyhood but also in order to collect enough money to pay their inlaws the bride\u2019s dowry. Many a young man thus falls under the mercy of his inlaws for the rest of his life, because of the dowry\u2019s exhorbitant price: highest in the case of virgins, it tends to depreciate relative to the number of marriages that the bride has contracted. Through this mechanism, the elders collectively control the young. Yet, divorce is easy and frequent, it being the \u2018right\u2019 of the wife as much as that of the husband. Since marriage is an exchange between two families or clans, the wife can always rely on her relatives to press the husband\u2019s family or clan for divorce, if and when the need arises. Elementary anthropology one would say&#8230; Now, the Front\u2019s main achievement in this sphere was that it fixed a maximum sum for the dowry money, which destabilized the balance of power between elders and the young and between men and women. The big problem remained how to control its application.<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p>More than a dozen years have passed since the revolt of the disposessed was crushed in the mountains of Dhofar. A combination of factors led to it: a vast military campaign launched by Iranian and British troops conjugated with the mistakes of the guerillas, mainly their incapicity to quickly adapt themselves to the new situation arising as a result of the coming to power of the new Sultan in the place of his deposed father. Had the revolt succeeded, it could have changed the whole course of events in that sensitive area of the world.<\/p>\n<p>What remains now but the kaleidoscope of memory?<\/p>\n<p>the sea trip on the Front&#8217;s armed <em>dhow<\/em> baptised \u2018<em>Sawt al-Sha` b <\/em> (The People\u2019s Voice) where we savoured a delicious meal of tuna fish with dates and just escaped disaster as the antiquated water-cooled, fat-barelled machine gun &#8211; the kind you\u2019d see in cow-boy films or in reels on the Mexican revolution- fell down a few inches away from Fred\u2019s head taking a nap under it, as a big wave rocked that <em>dhow<\/em> . More seriously, the <em>dhow <\/em> will be hit by British Hawker Hunters, a few weeks after our departure, and the \u2018People\u2019s Voice\u2019 swallowed by the deep blue sea<\/p>\n<p>sullen cows feeding on sardines for shortage of pasture and snugly goats looking as if they have just come out of the Song of Songs; camels awkwardly escalating the rugged mountains of Western Dhofar, with the occasional falls, and our rebel hosts stubbornly refusing to replace those patient \u2018ships of the desert\u2019 with mules and donkeys much better suited to the land; had they known about the advise on means of mountain transport the U.S. military advisors were to give to the Afghani <em>mujahidin <\/em>they would certainly have fared better, logistically, at least&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>the tribal custom of meeting and greeting; the two parties facing each other in two opposed files allowing enough space between them for the use of fire-arms if the need arises<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <em>khub\u00fbr <\/em>? (what news?)<\/p>\n<p>someone would shout, a tense moment would follow before the salutary answer <em>khub\u00fbr kheir<\/em> (good news) bursts out to signal the pacific nature of the encounter then all greets all in a commotion of conventional phrases of politeness and courtesy about health family and work before each proceeds to embrace the other in that remarkably proud and elegant embrace of theirs;<\/p>\n<p>a night spent in the hospitality of a shepherd family in a hut of dried branches, the womb-like \u2018guest-house\u2019 into which we had to crawl situated next to the animal fold and the honored guests constantly being wakened as cows mowed and farted their dung and piss falling on the floor a metre no more away from their heads not to speak of the hahns of the head of the household mating with his wife under the moonlight<\/p>\n<p>that same silver-laden moonlight was flooding Jib\u00e2l al-Qamar (Mountains of the Moon) crossed in the silence of midnight among frankinscence trees spreading their arms like ghosts<\/p>\n<p>the litteracy school for women at Shir\u00fbs, to the north of Rakhy\u00fbt, on the road to Sha`but; the School of the Revolution where Amina (14 years) will relate how she the daughter of a family of slaves fled with her brother from Salala and spent eight long hours in the sea attached to a car tire before they reached the coasts of the liberated territories; firmly grasping her Semionov rifle and grinding her teeth she would say we fled from tyranny and slavery we heard people say there is a Socialist Front in the mountains so we recognised our rights and took to the mountains and her comrade Tuf\u00fbl (15 years) would join the discussion to insist that the dowry should be completely abolished so that women are no more bought and sold like cattle<\/p>\n<p>comrade Ahmad `Ali: you shall always remember him by his <em>nom de guerre<\/em> despite the revelation of his real name when he was killed &#8211; his wife pregnant with their first child- in a confrontation with the sultan\u2019s forces in Jabal al-Akhdar (the Green Mountain) in that same area where he was born into a modest family of agricultural workers<\/p>\n<p>whenever in Beirut Ahmad `Ali would insist on participating in the propaganda tours among the agricultural workers and peasants of the `Akkar plain in revolt against their feudal landowners unheeded by the distance that separates Oman from Lebanon he firmly believed that peasants spoke the same language when it comes to land or justice and he would actively engage in the discussions despite his accent and an accute stammer which was his distinguishing mark in police files; that stammer would nearly give him away when he clandestinely returned to his country was it not for his iron will and quantities of Valium pills he would swallow in airports and on road blocks until an intelligence agent finally recognised him in a workers\u2019 demonstration in Muscat- or was it in Mutrah? I cannot exactly remember- and Ahmad `Ali had to silence him with stabs of his knife feeling guilty for the rest of his life for having killed the man, tears filling his eyes as he endlessly recalled the incident &#8211; did the soldiers who shot Ahmad `Ali feel the same for having killed him?<\/p>\n<p>and now, what else remains?<\/p>\n<p>what remains, encapsuled in that instant fixed on celluloid when a freudian slip of your camera mistook a young shepherdess for a Leonardo da Vinci madonna, transforming a snapshot into an icon which you will carry across wars and exiles not even knowing the name of her who shed her veil on your curiosity and retracted into the mystery of the <em>khatalah <\/em>as her elder sister hastened to cover up the little penis of a child with bumps on his head (you did not enquire about them bumps then so no use pondering now) in front of a cave on that rocky cliff overlooking the Arabian Sea, in that ancient land of Ophir, glorified by the books of old:<\/p>\n<p>Fawwaz N. TRABOULSI<\/p>\n<p>1987<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Our Lady of the Rocks (Dhofar revisited) for &#8216;Abdallah al-Ashtal We had to descend a rocky cliff overlooking the Arabian Sea where semi-naked children were playing outside a cave. Greeted the two women inside the cave as our guide engaged them in a conversation. The elder, who was wearing a black robe, began explaining a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[],"content_type":[530],"themes":[317,305],"country":[1702],"language":[66],"archive_type":[113],"archive_author":[246],"media_type":[],"keywords":[1582,640,671,1686,756,766,1590,921,925,975,1071,1133,1194,1221,1303,1360,1364,1436],"ft_dossier":[],"ft_categories":[],"published_in":[],"class_list":["post-698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","content_type-memoirs-en","themes-anthropology-en","themes-history-en","country-oman-en","language-english","archive_type-by-ft-en","archive_author-fawwaz-traboulsi-en","keywords-arab-left-en","keywords-arab-militant-en","keywords-arabian-peninsula-en","keywords-art-literature-en","keywords-class-struggle-en","keywords-colonialism-en","keywords-dhofar-en","keywords-guerrilla-warfare-en","keywords-gulf-states-en","keywords-imperialism-en","keywords-lebanese-left-en","keywords-marxism-en","keywords-national-liberation-en","keywords-oman-kw-en","keywords-political-travelogue-en","keywords-resistance-en","keywords-revolution-en","keywords-social-movements-en"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/698","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=698"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/698\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=698"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=698"},{"taxonomy":"content_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content_type?post=698"},{"taxonomy":"themes","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/themes?post=698"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=698"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=698"},{"taxonomy":"archive_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/archive_type?post=698"},{"taxonomy":"archive_author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/archive_author?post=698"},{"taxonomy":"media_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media_type?post=698"},{"taxonomy":"keywords","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/keywords?post=698"},{"taxonomy":"ft_dossier","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ft_dossier?post=698"},{"taxonomy":"ft_categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ft_categories?post=698"},{"taxonomy":"published_in","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/published_in?post=698"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}