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class=\"see-footnote\" title=\"\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u060c \u00ab\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0630\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u00bb\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0666\/\u0665\/\u0661\u0669\u0666\u0664.\" href=\"#footnote6_ecz9e8d\">6<\/a> \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0646\u0642 \u0643\u062a\u0628 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\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0629\u00bb (\u0669\u0668).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064e\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u064c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651: \u00ab\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064d \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0639\u064e\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064d \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064c 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062f\u064e\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062c\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u00ab\u064a\u062d\u062c\u064f\u0628\u064f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0646\u064f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627\u00bb \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u0651\u062e \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u0628\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u00ab\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0666 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/ \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0662\u0660 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/ \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0662\u0666 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0663\u0660 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0661\u0669\u0664\u0662\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0632\u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u00ab\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0629\u00bb\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0663\u0660 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0661\u0669\u0664\u0662.<\/li>\n<li id=\"footnote2_uxd02oh\" class=\"footnote\"><a class=\"footnote-label\" href=\"#footnoteref2_uxd02oh\">2.<\/a> \u064a\u0632\u0628\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0666 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/ \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0661\u0669\u0664\u0662.<\/li>\n<li id=\"footnote3_qu7c1oq\" class=\"footnote\"><a class=\"footnote-label\" href=\"#footnoteref3_qu7c1oq\">3.<\/a> \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u060c \u00ab\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0630\u062a\u0652\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u00bb\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0666\/\u0665\/\u0661\u0669\u0666\u0664.<\/li>\n<li id=\"footnote4_g66oaja\" class=\"footnote\"><a class=\"footnote-label\" href=\"#footnoteref4_g66oaja\">4.<\/a> \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0661\u0669\u0660\u0666 \u0648\u0661\u0669\u0661\u0663 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0648\u0647 \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629\u00bb.<\/li>\n<li id=\"footnote5_nibu9hg\" class=\"footnote\"><a class=\"footnote-label\" href=\"#footnoteref5_nibu9hg\">5.<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c (\u0661\u0668\u0667\u0669\u2013\u0661\u0669\u0664\u0668) \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u00ab\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0629\u00bb \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064d \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0637\u064f\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0646\u064f\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<li id=\"footnote6_ecz9e8d\" class=\"footnote\"><a class=\"footnote-label\" href=\"#footnoteref6_ecz9e8d\">6.<\/a> \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u060c \u00ab\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0630\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u00bb\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0666\/\u0665\/\u0661\u0669\u0666\u0664.<\/li>\n<li id=\"footnote7_yfoezfj\" class=\"footnote\"><a class=\"footnote-label\" href=\"#footnoteref7_yfoezfj\">7.<\/a> \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0661\u0669\u0666\u0662.<\/li>\n<li id=\"footnote8_ekblsix\" class=\"footnote\"><a class=\"footnote-label\" href=\"#footnoteref8_ekblsix\">8.<\/a> \u0635\u0642\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u060c \u00ab\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0664\/\u0669\/\u0661\u0669\u0669\u0666.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0652\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0661\u0665. \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0632\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0661\u0665 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/ \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0661\u0668\u0667\u0669. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064f \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0634\u0642\u0651\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[],"content_type":[557],"themes":[327,333],"country":[347],"language":[68],"archive_type":[169],"archive_author":[247],"media_type":[133],"keywords":[2371,2325,2591,2129,2183,2301,2459,1802,1862,1854,1872,2573],"ft_dossier":[],"ft_categories":[],"published_in":[3069],"class_list":["post-5237","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","content_type-papers-ar","themes-history-ar","themes-politics-ar","country-lebanon-ar","language-68","archive_type-by-ft-ar","archive_author-fawwaz-traboulsi-ar","media_type-bidayat-ar","keywords-political-parties-ar","keywords-ottoman-empire-ar","keywords-history-kw-ar","keywords-intellectual-history-ar","keywords-lebanese-history-ar","keywords-national-liberation-ar","keywords-secularism-ar","keywords-19th-century-arab-thought-ar","keywords-arab-nationalism-ar","keywords-arab-intellectuals-ar","keywords-arab-renaissance-ar","keywords-lebanon-kw-ar","published_in-magazine-ar"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5237","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5237"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5237\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5237"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5237"},{"taxonomy":"content_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content_type?post=5237"},{"taxonomy":"themes","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/themes?post=5237"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=5237"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=5237"},{"taxonomy":"archive_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/archive_type?post=5237"},{"taxonomy":"archive_author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/archive_author?post=5237"},{"taxonomy":"media_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media_type?post=5237"},{"taxonomy":"keywords","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/keywords?post=5237"},{"taxonomy":"ft_dossier","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ft_dossier?post=5237"},{"taxonomy":"ft_categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ft_categories?post=5237"},{"taxonomy":"published_in","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fawwaztraboulsi.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/published_in?post=5237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}